Bioprocessing of Viral Vaccines (Amine Kamen)

1 ^{Bioprocessing of viral}

vaccines––Introduction

Amine Kamen

Viral Vectors and Vaccines Bioprocessing Group,

Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal,

QC, Canada

Laura Cervera

Grup d’Enginyeria Cel·lular i Bioprocés, Universitat

Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain

CONTENTS

1.1 An Abbreviated Historical Background of Vaccines......................................1

1.2 Role of Public Health Organizations and Industry.........................................2

1.3 The Vaccine Market and Economic Drivers...................................................4

1.4 Safety and Regulation of Vaccines .................................................................5

1.5 Basic Principles of Viral Vaccine Design and Traditional Production..........6

1.6 Cell-Culture Production Processes...................................................................8

1.7 Manufacturing Challenges of Viral Vaccines ...............................................10

1.8 Pandemic Preparedness and Outlook.............................................................13

References................................................................................................................14

1.1

AN ABBREVIATED HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF VACCINES

From a broad universal perspective there are clear references in the Chinese and

Indian history of ideas that suggest knowledge of vaccination principles [1,2].

However, the Occidental Modern History of Vaccines dates back the concept of

vaccination to 1796 referring to Edward Jenner. Building on the observation that

milk maids who were exposed to infected cows were resistant to smallpox infection,

Edward Jenner was the first to demonstrate protection against smallpox infection by

exposing the individual’s immune system to material from cowpox pustules to

provide protection [3].

In the nineteenth century, vaccination became a cause of national prestige, and

the first vaccination laws were passed. The leading figure of Louis Pasteur

[1822–1895] [4] developed the vaccine against rabies infection and contributed to

the global promotion of vaccination through the initiative of the institutes Pasteur

network [5]. Some of the most fascinating events over this period were captured in

the entertaining book titled: Plague & Cholera [6], describing the pioneering hu-

manitarian action of Alexandre Yersin, underlining the dominant role he played in

DOI: 10.1201/9781003229797-1